initial chunk render caching

Sources/Voxelotl/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ add_executable(Voxelotl MACOSX_BUNDLE
   # Game logic classes
   Chunk.swift
   WorldGenerator.swift
+  ChunkMeshBuilder.swift
   World.swift
   Raycast.swift
   Player.swift

Sources/Voxelotl/Chunk.swift

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public struct Chunk: Hashable {
 
   public func forEach(_ body: @escaping (Block, SIMD3<Int>) throws -> Void) rethrows {
     for i in 0..<Self.blockCount {
-      try body(blocks[i], self.origin &+ SIMD3(
+      try body(blocks[i], SIMD3(
         x: i & Self.mask,
         y: (i &>> Self.shift) & Self.mask,
         z: (i &>> (Self.shift + Self.shift)) & Self.mask))

Sources/Voxelotl/ChunkMeshBuilder.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+struct ChunkMeshBuilder {
+  public static func build(world: World, chunkID: SIMD3<Int>) -> Mesh<VertexPositionNormalColorTexcoord, UInt16> {
+    guard let chunk = world.getChunk(id: chunkID) else { return .empty }
+
+    var vertices = [VertexPositionNormalColorTexcoord]()
+    var indices = [UInt16]()
+    chunk.forEach { block, position in
+      if case .solid(let color) = block.type {
+        for side in [ Side.left, .right, .down, .up, .back, .front ] {
+          let globalPos = chunk.origin &+ position
+          if case .air = world.getBlock(at: globalPos.offset(by: side)).type {
+            let orig = UInt16(vertices.count)
+            vertices.append(contentsOf: cubeVertices[side]!.map {
+              .init(
+                position: SIMD3(position) + $0.position,
+                normal: $0.normal,
+                color: SIMD4(color),
+                texCoord: $0.texCoord)
+            })
+            indices.append(contentsOf: sideIndices.map { orig + $0 })
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return .init(vertices: vertices, indices: indices)
+  }
+}
+
+fileprivate let cubeVertices: [Side: [VertexPositionNormalTexcoord]] = [
+  .back: [
+    .init(position: .init(0, 0, 1), normal: .back, texCoord: .init(0, 0)),
+    .init(position: .init(1, 0, 1), normal: .back, texCoord: .init(1, 0)),
+    .init(position: .init(0, 1, 1), normal: .back, texCoord: .init(0, 1)),
+    .init(position: .init(1, 1, 1), normal: .back, texCoord: .init(1, 1))
+  ], .right: [
+    .init(position: .init(1, 0, 1), normal: .right, texCoord: .init(0, 0)),
+    .init(position: .init(1, 0, 0), normal: .right, texCoord: .init(1, 0)),
+    .init(position: .init(1, 1, 1), normal: .right, texCoord: .init(0, 1)),
+    .init(position: .init(1, 1, 0), normal: .right, texCoord: .init(1, 1))
+  ], .front: [
+    .init(position: .init(1, 0, 0), normal: .forward, texCoord: .init(0, 0)),
+    .init(position: .init(0, 0, 0), normal: .forward, texCoord: .init(1, 0)),
+    .init(position: .init(1, 1, 0), normal: .forward, texCoord: .init(0, 1)),
+    .init(position: .init(0, 1, 0), normal: .forward, texCoord: .init(1, 1))
+  ], .left: [
+    .init(position: .init(0, 0, 0), normal: .left, texCoord: .init(0, 0)),
+    .init(position: .init(0, 0, 1), normal: .left, texCoord: .init(1, 0)),
+    .init(position: .init(0, 1, 0), normal: .left, texCoord: .init(0, 1)),
+    .init(position: .init(0, 1, 1), normal: .left, texCoord: .init(1, 1))
+  ], .down: [
+    .init(position: .init(0, 0, 0), normal: .down, texCoord: .init(0, 0)),
+    .init(position: .init(1, 0, 0), normal: .down, texCoord: .init(1, 0)),
+    .init(position: .init(0, 0, 1), normal: .down, texCoord: .init(0, 1)),
+    .init(position: .init(1, 0, 1), normal: .down, texCoord: .init(1, 1))
+  ], .up: [
+    .init(position: .init(0, 1, 1), normal: .up, texCoord: .init(0, 0)),
+    .init(position: .init(1, 1, 1), normal: .up, texCoord: .init(1, 0)),
+    .init(position: .init(0, 1, 0), normal: .up, texCoord: .init(0, 1)),
+    .init(position: .init(1, 1, 0), normal: .up, texCoord: .init(1, 1))
+  ]
+]
+
+fileprivate let sideIndices: [UInt16] = [ 0,  1,  2,  2,  1,  3 ]
+
+fileprivate enum Side {
+  case left, right
+  case down, up
+  case back, front
+}
+
+fileprivate extension SIMD3 where Scalar: SignedInteger & FixedWidthInteger {
+  func offset(by side: Side) -> Self {
+    let ofs: Self = switch side {
+    case .right: .right
+    case .left:  .left
+    case .up:    .up
+    case .down:  .down
+    case .back:  .back
+    case .front: .forward
+    }
+    return self &+ ofs
+  }
+}

Sources/Voxelotl/Game.swift

@@ -26,7 +26,10 @@ class Game: GameDelegate {
   var projection: matrix_float4x4 = .identity
   var world = World()
   var cubeMesh: RendererMesh?
-  var renderChunks = [SIMD3<Int>: Mesh<VertexPositionNormalTexcoord, UInt16>]()
+
+  var renderMode: Bool = false
+  var damageChunks = [SIMD3<Int>: Mesh<VertexPositionNormalColorTexcoord, UInt16>]()
+  var renderChunks = [SIMD3<Int>: RendererMesh]()
 
   func create(_ renderer: Renderer) {
     self.resetPlayer()
@@ -47,10 +50,19 @@ class Game: GameDelegate {
     let seed = UInt64(Arc4Random.instance.next()) | UInt64(Arc4Random.instance.next()) << 32
     printErr(seed)
 #if DEBUG
-    self.world.generate(width: 2, height: 1, depth: 1, seed: seed)
+    self.world.generate(width: 2, height: 2, depth: 2, seed: seed)
 #else
     self.world.generate(width: 5, height: 3, depth: 5, seed: seed)
 #endif
+
+    // Build chunk meshes
+    self.rebuildChunkMeshes()
+  }
+
+  private func rebuildChunkMeshes() {
+    self.world.forEachChunk { id, chunk in
+      self.damageChunks[id] = ChunkMeshBuilder.build(world: self.world, chunkID: id)
+    }
   }
 
   func fixedUpdate(_ time: GameTime) {
@@ -64,13 +76,16 @@ class Game: GameDelegate {
 
     let deltaTime = min(Float(time.delta.asFloat), 1.0 / 15)
 
-    var reset = false, generate = false
+    var reset = false, generate = false, toggleRenderMode = false
     if let pad = GameController.current?.state {
       if pad.pressed(.back) { reset = true }
       if pad.pressed(.start) { generate = true }
+      if pad.pressed(.guide) { toggleRenderMode = true }
     }
     if Keyboard.pressed(.r) { reset = true }
     if Keyboard.pressed(.g) { generate = true }
+    if Keyboard.pressed(.p, repeat: true) { toggleRenderMode = true }
+    if Keyboard.pressed(.leftBracket) { self.rebuildChunkMeshes() }
 
     // Player reset
     if reset {
@@ -80,6 +95,9 @@ class Game: GameDelegate {
     if generate {
       self.generateWorld()
     }
+    if toggleRenderMode {
+      self.renderMode = !self.renderMode
+    }
 
     self.player.update(deltaTime: deltaTime, world: world, camera: &camera)
   }
@@ -96,7 +114,32 @@ class Game: GameDelegate {
       specular: Color(rgba8888: 0x2F2F2F00).linear,
       gloss: 75)
 
-    var instances = world.instances
+    if self.renderMode {
+      // Update chunk meshes if needed
+      if !self.damageChunks.isEmpty {
+        for i in self.damageChunks {
+          if let new = renderer.createMesh(i.1) {
+            self.renderChunks[i.0] = new
+          } else {
+            self.renderChunks.removeValue(forKey: i.0)
+          }
+        }
+        self.damageChunks = [:]
+      }
+
+      for (id, chunk) in self.renderChunks {
+        let drawPos = SIMD3<Float>(id &<< Chunk.shift)
+        renderer.draw(
+          model: .translate(drawPos),
+          color: .white,
+          mesh: chunk,
+          material: material,
+          environment: env,
+          camera: self.camera)
+      }
+    }
+
+    var instances = self.renderMode ? [Instance]() : world.instances
     if let position = player.rayhitPos {
       instances.append(
         Instance(

Sources/Voxelotl/Input/Keyboard.swift

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import SDL3
 public class Keyboard {
   public enum Keys {
     case a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z
+    case leftBracket
     case right, left, up, down
     case space, tab
   }
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ internal extension Keyboard.Keys {
     case .x:     SDLK_X
     case .y:     SDLK_Y
     case .z:     SDLK_Z
+    case .leftBracket: SDLK_LEFTBRACKET
     case .left:  SDLK_LEFT
     case .right: SDLK_RIGHT
     case .up:    SDLK_UP
@@ -122,6 +124,7 @@ internal extension Keyboard.Keys {
     case .x:     SDL_SCANCODE_X
     case .y:     SDL_SCANCODE_Y
     case .z:     SDL_SCANCODE_Z
+    case .leftBracket: SDL_SCANCODE_LEFTBRACKET
     case .left:  SDL_SCANCODE_LEFT
     case .right: SDL_SCANCODE_RIGHT
     case .up:    SDL_SCANCODE_UP

Sources/Voxelotl/Renderer/Mesh.swift

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-public struct Mesh<VertexType: Vertex, IndexType: UnsignedInteger> {
+public struct Mesh<VertexType: Vertex, IndexType: UnsignedInteger>: Equatable {
   public let vertices: [VertexType]
   public let indices: [IndexType]
 }
@@ -14,3 +14,10 @@ public struct VertexPositionNormalTexcoord: Vertex {
   var normal:   SIMD3<Float>
   var texCoord: SIMD2<Float>
 }
+
+public struct VertexPositionNormalColorTexcoord: Vertex {
+  var position: SIMD3<Float>
+  var normal:   SIMD3<Float>
+  var color:    SIMD4<Float16>
+  var texCoord: SIMD2<Float>
+}

Sources/Voxelotl/Renderer/Renderer.swift

@@ -137,9 +137,37 @@ public class Renderer {
     
   }
 
-  func createMesh(_ mesh: Mesh<VertexPositionNormalTexcoord, UInt16>) -> RendererMesh? {
+  func createMesh(_ mesh: Mesh<VertexPositionNormalColorTexcoord, UInt16>) -> RendererMesh? {
+    if mesh.vertices.isEmpty || mesh.indices.isEmpty { return nil }
+
     let vertices = mesh.vertices.map {
-      ShaderVertex(position: $0.position, normal: $0.normal, texCoord: $0.texCoord)
+      ShaderVertex(position: $0.position, normal: $0.normal, color: $0.color.reinterpretUShort, texCoord: $0.texCoord)
+    }
+    guard let vtxBuffer = self.device.makeBuffer(
+      bytes: vertices,
+      length: vertices.count * MemoryLayout<ShaderVertex>.stride,
+      options: .storageModeManaged)
+    else {
+      printErr("Failed to create vertex buffer")
+      return nil
+    }
+    guard let idxBuffer = device.makeBuffer(
+      bytes: mesh.indices,
+      length: mesh.indices.count * MemoryLayout<UInt16>.stride,
+      options: .storageModeManaged)
+    else {
+      printErr("Failed to create index buffer")
+      return nil
+    }
+    return .init(_vertBuf: vtxBuffer, _idxBuf: idxBuffer, numIndices: mesh.indices.count)
+  }
+
+  func createMesh(_ mesh: Mesh<VertexPositionNormalTexcoord, UInt16>) -> RendererMesh? {
+    if mesh.vertices.isEmpty || mesh.indices.isEmpty { return nil }
+
+    let color = Color<Float16>.white.reinterpretUShort
+    let vertices = mesh.vertices.map {
+      ShaderVertex(position: $0.position, normal: $0.normal, color: color, texCoord: $0.texCoord)
     }
     guard let vtxBuffer = self.device.makeBuffer(
       bytes: vertices,
@@ -313,6 +341,44 @@ public class Renderer {
     }
   }
 
+  func draw(model: matrix_float4x4, color: Color<Float16>, mesh: RendererMesh, material: Material, environment: Environment, camera: Camera) {
+    assert(self._encoder != nil, "draw can't be called outside of a frame being rendered")
+
+    var vertUniforms = VertexShaderUniforms(projView: camera.viewProjection)
+    var fragUniforms = FragmentShaderUniforms(
+      cameraPosition: camera.position,
+      directionalLight: normalize(environment.lightDirection),
+      ambientColor:  material.ambient.reinterpretUShort,
+      diffuseColor:  material.diffuse.reinterpretUShort,
+      specularColor: material.specular.reinterpretUShort,
+      specularIntensity: material.gloss)
+    var instance = VertexShaderInstance(
+      model:       model,
+      normalModel: model.inverse.transpose,
+      color:       color.reinterpretUShort)
+
+    self._encoder.setCullMode(.init(environment.cullFace))
+
+    self._encoder.setVertexBuffer(mesh._vertBuf, offset: 0, index: VertexShaderInputIdx.vertices.rawValue)
+    // Ideal as long as our uniforms total 4 KB or less
+    self._encoder.setVertexBytes(&instance,
+      length: MemoryLayout<VertexShaderInstance>.stride,
+      index: VertexShaderInputIdx.instance.rawValue)
+    self._encoder.setVertexBytes(&vertUniforms,
+      length: MemoryLayout<VertexShaderUniforms>.stride,
+      index: VertexShaderInputIdx.uniforms.rawValue)
+    self._encoder.setFragmentBytes(&fragUniforms,
+      length: MemoryLayout<FragmentShaderUniforms>.stride,
+      index: FragmentShaderInputIdx.uniforms.rawValue)
+
+    self._encoder.drawIndexedPrimitives(
+      type: .triangle,
+      indexCount: mesh.numIndices,
+      indexType: .uint16,
+      indexBuffer: mesh._idxBuf,
+      indexBufferOffset: 0)
+  }
+
   func batch(instances: [Instance], mesh: RendererMesh, material: Material, environment: Environment, camera: Camera) {
     assert(self._encoder != nil, "batch can't be called outside of a frame being rendered")
 
@@ -407,6 +473,11 @@ fileprivate extension Color where T == Float16 {
     .init(self.r.bitPattern, self.g.bitPattern, self.b.bitPattern, self.a.bitPattern)
   }
 }
+fileprivate extension SIMD4 where Scalar == Float16 {
+  var reinterpretUShort: SIMD4<UInt16> {
+    .init(self.x.bitPattern, self.y.bitPattern, self.z.bitPattern, self.w.bitPattern)
+  }
+}
 
 enum RendererError: Error {
   case initFailure(_ message: String)

Sources/Voxelotl/shader.metal

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ vertex FragmentInput vertexMain(
   FragmentInput out;
   out.position = u.projView * world;
   out.world    = world.xyz;
-  out.color    = half4(i[instanceID].color);
+  out.color    = vtx[vertexID].color * i[instanceID].color;
   out.normal   = (i[instanceID].normalModel * float4(vtx[vertexID].normal, 0)).xyz;
   out.texCoord = vtx[vertexID].texCoord;
   return out;

Sources/Voxelotl/shadertypes.h

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, VertexShaderInputIdx) {
 typedef struct {
   vector_float3 position;
   vector_float3 normal;
+  color_half4   color;
   vector_float2 texCoord;
 } ShaderVertex;